The Evolution and Innovation of Chain Link Fence: From 19th-Century Origins to Modern Applications

Today’s ubiquitous chain link fence traces its roots to 19th-century manufacturing innovation, spanning from England to the U.S. Its evolution turned it from a functional tool into a versatile, safe fencing solution.

British Beginnings: Weaving Tech for Fencing

The story starts in Norwich, England—a city with a long cloth-making history. In 1844, the firm Barnard, Bishop & Barnards pioneered chain link production, using machines adapted from cloth weaving. Led by Charles Barnard, this approach made manufacturing more efficient; Norwich’s textile expertise helped shape wire into the iconic diamond pattern. Though early output details are limited, this innovation laid the groundwork for chain link’s wider use.

American Innovations: Patents and Safety

While Barnard established chain link’s basics, the U.S. refined it into today’s form. By the mid-1890s, Guy Mafera’s American Chain Link Fence Company (Medford, Massachusetts) patented a “continuous wire fabric” process, streamlining production. Notably, Mafera first used this tech for spring beds before adapting it to fencing.

A key problem remained: early chain link had ragged edges (“selvages”) that risked injury, making it unfit for homes. In 1930, Guy’s brother Frank J. Mafera patented a design that removed these selvages while keeping strength. Frank sold this safer fence via his Barnyard Fence Company (New Hampshire), while Guy produced it at his firm.

Guy’s patent was updated in 1952 and expired in 1969, letting manufacturers worldwide use the process—cementing chain link as a standard.

Enduring Legacy

Chain link’s ubiquity comes from Charles Barnard and the Maferas, who repurposed tech to solve needs (efficiency, safety). From 19th-century Norwich to today, it remains a top choice for its durability, affordability, and versatility—carrying the legacy of inventors who turned a simple wire pattern into a global staple.